• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to the manufacture of toys, namely, roads for toy vehicles. The road for toy vehicles contains straight and curved parts that have matching means at the ends on the bottom side, and connecting tools at the ends, and a unified square structural raster of the main surface with a given module M located on the main plate and having connecting means for mechanical detachable connection with appropriate mating connecting means of road parts, with the end points of the middle lines of road parts forming fixed e reference points coinciding with the points of the unified square constructive raster of the main surface. In order to achieve a more accurate alignment of the fixed reference points of the road parts with the points of the unified square structural raster, the main surface of each road part corresponds, in the same way as the unified square structural raster of the main surface, the square raster of the road, whose modulus is an integral multiple of the modular standard square structural raster the main surface, the fixed reference points of each part of the road when installed on a square the raster is located at one of its symmetric points, located either at the corner point, or at the midpoint of the square raster of the road, or at the point that divides the side of the square of the square raster of the road in half, and the matching connecting means are arranged with connecting pins with connecting means of the main plate, each curved part of the road is integral and consists of an arcuate section, and the length of at least several straight road parts is It is a multiple of half the road square raster module, with the center of curvature of the arcuate section of the road part located at the intersection of the bisector of the angle formed by the tangents to the center line of the arcuate section of the road part, at fixed anchor points with radial rays that define the road part. 3 hp f-ly, 44 Il.
    公开号:SU1604145A3
    申请号:SU874202031
    申请日:1987-02-27
    公开日:1990-10-30
    发明作者:Болли Петер；Лоозер Хейнц；Таннер Вернер
    申请人:Интерлего Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the manufacture of toys, namely to the road for toy vehicles.
    The purpose of the invention is to achieve a more accurate alignment of the fixed reference points of the road parts with the points of the unified square structural raster of the main surface. FIG. 1 shows a diagram of concentric arcs of circles of various radii and angular ranges on a square raster, with the center of the arcs of circles lying in the corner of the raster square in FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining the performance of four curved road parts, covering an angular range equal to A5, and having different radii of circular arcs according to FIG. Fig. 3 is a diagram of one of the curved road parts (as shown in Fig. 2), in terms of the value of the radius of the curved section and the length of the straight section of the road part; in fig. 4 is a diagram of all curved and straight road parts according to the invention; in Fig.5-26 - diagrams of individual parts of the road according to Fig .. 4; FIGS. 27-29 schematically depict connecting coded elements on parts of a toy road; in fig. 30 is a straight part of the road to be installed parallel to the main surface raster, side view with a partial section; in fig. 31 is the same, top view: in FIG. 32 is the same, bottom view in FIG. 33 — a straight part of the road to be installed diagonally to the raster of the main surface, top view; in fig. 34 - the same bottom view; in fig. 35 - 45 ° curved part of the road for right turn, view from above; in fig. 36 - the same, bottom view; in fig. 37 - the same, for the left turn, top view; Fig. 38 - right lower ramp part of the road, side view (with a partial section); in FIG. 39 - the same, top view; in fig. 40 — Pr. May, Upper Ramp part of the road, side view (with partial cut-out) —Fig. -41 - the same, top view, in FIG. 42 — Right middle ramp detail of the road, side view (with partial section); in FIG. 43 - the same, top view; FIG. 44 shows a section of the road with straight frame parts according to FIGS. 38-43, a side view (with a partial section).
    four
    From the diagram (Fig. 1) one can see the deviations of the end points of the different parts of the circular arcs, which have different radii and different angular ranges, from the symmetrical points of the square raster.
    FIG. I shows square squared modulus M, and the modulus m has a standard size, i.e. The length of the side of each square of raster 1 has a standard value equal to one. In this raster, arcs of circles 2 are applied, the radii of which emanate from the center 20 located in the corner of the square. Applied in FIG. 1 arcs of circles 2 have radii equal to 1,5-М, 2.М 2.5.MI etc., i.e. 0.5 k-M, moreover, .... Next in FIG. 1, by means of respectively inclined straight lines 3, which also originate from the center of the ZO, three different angular ranges for parts of circular arcs are shown, equal to 22.5, 30 and 45.
    The symmetrical dots of the square raster 1 are respectively angular, mid-points or points, which are far from the sides of the squares of the raster in half. Thus, in order for the curved road parts to fit precisely into this section, they must be made so that at least both their ends, defined by the middle line of each road part, coincide geometrically with the symmetric point of one from the squares of the raster 1. However, the combination of the details of the road, having the form of arcs of circles, and a square raster is impossible. With help, figure 1 below shows how much the deviations from the desired geometric alignment depend on the size (radius and angular range) of the parts of the circles.
    In the diagram of FIG. 1, the lower end of each part of a circular arc with an angular range equal to 22.5, 30, and 45 ° is placed in a corner point (integer M) or a point that divides the side of the raster square 1 in half, along extension for all parts of the circular arcs of the lower horizontal radial line 3, i.e. in a symmetrical point. For the other end, the corresponding part of the circular arc, i.e. for intersection points of three straight 3 with all
    516
    by circular circles 2, the following can be noted:
    for straight 3 with an inclination angle of 22.5 °, only the intersection point with the circular arc 2, which has a radius of 6.5 And, almost coincides with the symmetric point of the raster square, namely, the point, divided by her side of the square in half;
    for a straight 3 with a slope angle of 30 °, no intersection point with an arc of a circle 2 approximates the symmetric point of a raster square; .
    on the contrary, for straight 3 with a tilt angle of 45, the intersection points with several arcs of circles 2 are located near the corresponding symmetric point of the raster square.
    FIG. In Figure 1, these cases are indicated by the i-v positions and are explained in more detail below.
    Obviously, for large ones not shown in FIG. 1 radii of arcs of circles 2 there may be other points of intersection of three direct 3 with such arcs and circles, i.e. intersection points that roughly coincide with the symmetric point of the raster square. However, in such cases, the effective radii of curved road parts become relatively large and therefore, in most cases, are undesirable for a road of the type mentioned. As an example, you can specify a well-known toy construction system, the raster module M of which is 64 mm. For shown in FIG. 1 cases of the point of intersection of the straight line 3, I have a slope of 22.5 with a circular arc 2 of a radius of 6.5 M and a radius of 416 mm and a diameter of 83.2 cm, which requires an excessively large main surface for fastening details when building a road ..
    The play value of a toy road of the named type is high when a certain trajectory can be obtained using a relatively small number of road details (this concerns the general, its number and the different types of parts). For this reason, road details that, according to FIG. 1, have an angular range
    Q
    five
    0
    five
    five
    about Q 0
    with
    five "
    zones of 22.5 and 30 are
    slight interest. In the future, only those curved road parts that have an angular range of 45 °, i.e., will be considered as examples. indicated in FIG. positions i-v.
    In Figure 1, the points of intersection of straight lines 3, the angle of inclination is 45, with the corresponding arcs of circles 2 are shown as circles, and the nearby symmetric points of the square raster 1 are fat points.
    In case I, the intersection point of straight 3 with the arc of a circle RI, which has a radius of 3.5 M, is slightly displaced radially inward from the nearest symmetrical raster point 1, namely from the midpoint of the square,
    In case II, the intersection point of straight 3 with the arc of a circle RII, which has a radius equal to 3M, is slightly offset radially outward from the nearest symmetric point of raster 1, which forms the corner point of the square.
    In case III, the intersection point of straight 3 with an arc of a circle RIII, which has a radius of 2 M, is slightly mixed radially inward from the nearest symmetric point of raster 1, which is also the midpoint of a square.
    In case IV, the intersection point of straight 3 with an arc of a circle RIV, which has a radius of 5M, as in case 11, is slightly mixed radially outward from the closest metric point of raster 1, which is the midpoint of a square.
    Finally, in the case of V, the intersection point of straight 3 with an arc of a circle RV, which has a radius of 5.5 M, as in cases I and III, is slightly mixed radially inward from the nearest symmetrical point of raster 1, which is corner point of the square.
    In the above IV cases, the geometric alignment of one end point of each road part with the symmetric point of the square raster (1) is complete, the other end point of the road part only deviates slightly from the symmetric point of the square raster (1) (slightly means that the radial deviation from the geometric joint and less than half the length of the diagonal of the raster square). The invention is based on the fact that it is possible to achieve geometrically combining at least both end points of a curved road part with one of the specified symmetric points of this raster, if the curved road part is given an easily reproducible shape slightly different from the circle.
    The examples of embodiment 11 of the invention are explained by means of FIG. 2 which relates to cases I-IV shown in FIG. 1 (case V is excluded, on the one hand, from considerations of consistency, and on the other hand, because its basis lies a significant radius of the circular arc, equal to 5.5 M).
    Figure 2 shows on a large scale a square raster 1 with a raster module M, which is hereinafter referred to as the road module. In addition, in FIG. 2 shows the outflow from the raster center ZO of the straight line 3, inclined at an angle of 45, i.e. w and diagonally, as well as arcs of circles R1-RII; He has defined the definition for four cases I-IV shown in FIG. The intersection points of the straight 3 with these arcs of circles are indicated by circles, and the symmetric points of the raster I, with which the reference points must coincide, which are located on the ends of the road parts, are bold points.
    FIG. 2 for cases I-IV shown in Fig. 1, the details of the 4 roads are schematically represented as curved stripes with a maximum width of 5, and these designations, for reasons of consistency, are applied only for case 1. Both ends of the not shown average are taken as reference points the lines of strip-like parts 4 are roads (cf. also fig. 3), which coincide with the said symmetric points of raster 1 and are indicated by the positions 6 and 7. As can be seen from figure 1. Each road part 4 consists of a section 8 bent in an arc of a circle and a straight section 9, which is shaded.
    According to the conviction, the arcness of the section 8 of each part 4 of the road is determined by the location of its Center. E both end points 6 and 7 of every detail
    Whether the roads coincide with the symmetric points of raster 1, the tangentiality condition must be met, i.e. 2 in this case, the tangent to the road part or to its midline at the end point of the part (angular range is 45) should be parallel or perpendicular to the height 10 RU 1 3 at the other end point of the part - in the direction of the raster diagonal 1 to ensure proper joining other details of the road. Since the straight parts of the road parts do not affect the direction of the tangents at the ends of the road parts, the geometric location to ensure tangentiality condition is determined by the bisectrix, the angle formed by both tangents drawn at end points 6 and 7 of part 4 roads. FIG. 2 for the case of T, these tangents are indicated by the position T. In addition, in Fig. 2 for cases I-IV, the corresponding bisectrixes of the WI-WIV angles formed by these tangents are plotted.
    The center of the circular section 8 of each part 4 of the road is the intersection point of the corresponding 1x bisectors of the corners with one of the radii, limited to 1x the angular range of the road part, i.e. according to Fig. 2, the intersection point of the corresponding 5 KI-WIV bisectrices with straight lines 3 or with a horizontal radial line h. This is explained by the fact that each road part consists of a curved and straight sections and one end of a road part is the end of its curved section, which consequently coincides with one of these
    25
    thirty
    0
    five
    0
    five
    limiting radii.
    FIG. The 2 points of intersection (the centers of the arcuate segments of the 8 parts are 4 roads) are indicated by the positions ZI-ZIV. The possible intersection points of the WI-WIV bisectors with the extensions of the forward 3 and the radial line 3 for the center ZO are of no interest, since in each case the corrected radius from the established center ZI-ZIV to the end point b or 7. Details 4 roads should be less than the uncorrected radius of the original arcs of the RI-RIV circles. Thus, the bisectors WL and Will details 4 roads in cases x I and III intersect straight 3 in centers H1 K ZI1I, respectively, and bisectors V7II and WIV details 4 roads in cases II and IV intersect radial line 3 in centers ZII and 2IV respectively.
    In detail 4 of the road, each section 8 curved in an arc of a circle encompasses an angular range of 45, with the center ZI-ZIV. Each arcuate portion 8 is supplemented with a straight portion 9 on. end opposite the radius of the corresponding center. In this case, the straight section 9 np goes to a different radius and has a length equal to the vertical distance from the corresponding center to this radius.
    FIG. 2 shaded areas are straight sections 9 parts 4 roads dp cases. Fig. 2, in particular, shows that if the intersection point of the corresponding primary circular arc RI ... RIV with center ZO and inclined at an angle of 45 straight 3 is displaced radially inward from the nearest symmetric point of raster 1, then the straight section 9 is on the side of the horizontal radial line 3, and vice versa. In addition, the length of the straight section 9 is the greater, the greater the deviation from the geometric alignment. This can be a criterion when choosing a specific performance part of the road for a toy road.
    The fig. 3 below explains how the position is determined in practice. corresponding to its center of the arcuate section 8 of the road detail in raster 1 or the radius of this section 8. FIG. 3 shows a square raster 1 with a module M dorop-1 according to FIG. 2. The curved road part 4, which has a width of 5, corresponds to the road part in case I shown in FIG. 2, and will be explained below as an example. The position ZO. Denotes the center of the arc RI not shown in FIG. 3, shown in FIG. 2. The part 4 of the road on the middle line 10 has the first end point 6, which lies at a distance of 3.5 Mot the center of the ZO on the radial line 3,. is located at the symmetric point of raster 1. Another final point 7 of part 4 of the road lies at the midpoint of the square of raster 1 on the diagonal straight line. In addition, Fig. 3 shows both tangents T to the middle line 10 at the end points 6 and 7. The bisector WI of the angle formed by these tangents intersects straight 3 at the point ZI, which forms the center of the arcuate section 8 of the part 4 of the road. In addition, in FIG. 3, using (x) denotes the distance from the end point 7 to the center ZI, measured in the direction of the pattern of raster 1. With (y) denotes the radius of the center line 10 of the arcuate section 8, and with the help of Z and Z in the direction of the raster, nor the center ZI of section 8 from the original center ZO of the circular arc. For reasons of symmetry Z Z.
    From fig.Z it is clear that, on the one hand, y M + x, and on the other - y X. and that Z 3,5, My. From here it is possible for

    u with: - .., -..- „,
    -one
    Z, namely:
    M
     -Jr - "
    and Z Z.
    The value of the modulus M of the road can be determined using a system of structural elements for a toy structural model, from which a toy road of this type should be assembled. For example, the road module (M) may be equal to 64 mm. Such a road module is defined in the system of structural elements by modular placement of streets; groups of houses, etc. on a new surface. For curved sections 4 of the road according to FIG. 3, the corrected radius (v) of the arcuate section 8, relating to its center line 10, has a length of 218.5 mm and the displacement Z and Z of the center ZI of the arcuate section 8 or the length of the straight section 9 equal to 5.5 mm.
    Similarly, the values of y and Z or Z and dp of other cases can be determined, in particular for cases II-IV according to Fig. 2. For cases II and IV, shown in Fig. 2, and other side cases, it immediately turns out that Z "O, because the corresponding center of ZIIC, respectively, ZIV) lies on radial line 3.
    eleven
    Which version of the toy road should be given preference with a certain system of structural elements depends on a number of factors, outlined below.
    1. First, you must consider the full width of the road provided. In all cases, it should be less than the modulus M of the road.
    2. Secondly, the choice of the uncorrected radius of the circular arc is important. The larger this radius (selected or permissible), the more space is occupied by the main surface and the greater the passcode of materials for individual parts of the road. For each of the cases explained by using FC. 1 and 2, as well as dn of all other possible cases. Of teas, you can determine the number of road modules M needed for a given road radius, including the size of the width of the road parts.
    3. Third, the distance between parallel toy roads (determined by the design of the curved road part) is important. According to FIG. 2, the minimum distance between parallel roads is obtained by connecting the road parts curved to the right and the corresponding road parts curved to the left so that the straight road parts connected on both sides are parallel.
    4. Finally, fourthly, the location of several curved and straight road details may matter: does it provide an opportunity to obtain such a continuous harmonious trajectory of the road. Such a possibility is absent if the width of the straight sections 9 of the curved parts 4 of the road (Fig. 2) is relatively large and, moreover, if the straight section 9 is at the end of the road part inclined at 45 (cf. cases II and III or II and IV in figure 2) ..
    . Dp of cases I-V, shown in Fig. 1, or I-IV, shown in Fig. 2, the table shows the data according to the criteria set forth in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, namely; the second column is the value of the uncorrected radius of the corresponding arc of the circle Rr-RV (Fig. 1) J the third column is the number of necessary modules M of the road already mentioned, taking into account the width of the road, the fourth column is the distance
    1604145
    12
    20
    25
    thirty
    between roads in the case of parallel roads, the fifth column is the corrected radius of the arcuate section J 8 corresponding to your road, the road part 4 is determined, which is determined on the basis of the explanation given in Fig. 3 with the link; The sixth column d is the length of the straight section 9 of the corresponding part 4 of the road, the depot of which is also roughly explained with help of the Fig. 3, and the seventh column is a relative number, obtained as a quotient (expressed as a percentage ) from the division of the length of the straight section (the pole of the column) by the corrected radius of the arcuate section (the fifth column) of the road part.
    A dimensionless relative number is an important parameter corresponding to its road details, because it indicates what percentage of the straight section is relative to that of the road. Thus, the relative number J is a measure of the relative deviation from the geometric alignment of the point of intersection of the corresponding Circular arc of a circle with a straight, slope; at an angle of 45, and a symmetric point attached to a raster of the road for the reference point at the end of the part is expensive (figure 1). Thus, with a complete (which, however, impossible) geometric combination / 2, the relative number would be zero. In practice 5, it is preferable to select a detail of the road, the relative number of which is minimal, since in this case the relative dpina of the straight section is small, and the corrected radius of the arcuate segment is only slightly different from the unadjusted radius of the arc of a circle.
    The data in the table can be briefly commented on in the following 5 ways.
    If we evaluate each case according to two criteria - Number of required modules M roads (occupied area) and Distance between roads in the case of parallel roads - then. Preference should be given to the case ill. However, in the case of .III, the straight section of each road part has a relatively large length, which is also reflected in a high value of relative values. number. Of the eight parts related to Case III, it is impossible to assemble v closed roads, at least approximately.
    Case II has no advantage over case III because, firstly, the number of modules required for M.doroga is 1M longer, secondly, the distance between roads in the case of their parallelism is twice as large and, thirdly, the relative number is the same as in case III.
    The detail of the road according to the occasion I has good data. True, the four modules of the road occupy a somewhat larger (rather insignificant) than in case II, the distance between the roads, if they are parallel, is 2M more than the minimum distance. However, the court on the corrected radius of the arcuate section, the length of the straight section and, in particular, on the relative number of road parts, extending one eighth of the circumference, is only slightly different from the circle shape, i.e. in this respect, case I is almost perfect.
    The road detail according to case IV has the same low relative number, i.e. good approximation to the shape of a circle. However, in the case of IV, the occupied area (the number of required modules N is the road) and the distance between the roads, if they are parallel, is such that the use of the road parts corresponding to this case is of interest and is preferred only when the toy construction system M roads (in absolute units of length) are relatively small.
    . Finally, case V, not shown in FIG. 2, as compared with case IV, is of no practical interest, since, with a slightly larger number of required modules M, the relative number is approximately three times larger,
    Obob, a, it can be stated that the detail of the road is curved according to the case I has the most advantages. Therefore, the description of variants of curved road parts is limited to those parts, the performance of which corresponds to case I (Fig. -2), but this does not mean that the invention is limited only to this case.
    ten
    15
    20
    25
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    In Figure 4, in a raster I road with module M, all possible in this raster according to case I are curved as well as straight road parts in a rotated 45 position. The curved road details shown do not require additional explanation (see previous description). The straight road parts have a length which, according to the invention, is closely related to the raster I module of the road I. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 4, all the straight road parts parallel to raster 1 have a length equal to 3M, and the straight road parts diagonally to raster 1 have a length of 2 - 42 M. Instead of coefficients K 3 or K 2 for the lengths of straight road parts can also be used other coefficients k, if the condition for combining the reference points at the ends of the road parts with the symmetric points of the road 1 raster is fulfilled. Thus, the coefficient can be 0.5-1-1.5-2-2.5, etc., so that the reference point previously defined for the curved road parts in the positions according to FIG. 4, always coincides with the point that halves the side, the midpoint or the corner point of the raster square 1 of the road.
    FIG. 4, the coded elements 11, 13 and respectively 12, 14 are schematically shown at the ends of all straight and curved road parts. These elements only connect a certain road part to another road part of this type if a certain reference point at the end the first road part coincides with the symmetrical point of the raster 1 of the road and continues with the second road part. It should be borne in mind that the curved road parts are divided into two groups according to the type of execution (road parts curved to the right and left), the direct parts are intended to be parallel or diagonal with respect to the raster arrangement. Thus, if a toy road is assembled in one plane, it contains four groups of different parts, including half-curved and half-straight parts.
    ten
    15160D14516
    FIG. 5 shows a straight road part arranged in parallel, and FIG. 6 - diagonally to the raster of the road.
    On (lig. 7 and 8, one cross is shown on 90, formed from two straight road details, which are arranged, respectively, parallepno and diagonally to the raster of the road.
    FIG. Figures 9 and 10 each show an A5 cross, respectively, in the right and left positions with respect to the straight part of the road parallel to the raster of the road.
    FIG. 11 is shown curved to the right, and FIG. 12 - left curved road details.
    FIG. 13 shows both curved road parts shown in FIGS. II and 12, as a switch in a curve, the axis of symmetry of which is parallel to the raster of the road in FIG. 14 - the same switch in the curve, but its axis of symmetry passes diagonally.
    FIG. 15-18 shows combinations
    -. „.„ „, .. v, .v. , t / aDi-.jiu, straight and curved road parts in
    Kasayush, its coding of the ends of the parts 30 as left (Fig. 15, 7) and right (Fig. 16, 18) turnouts.
    As schematically shown in FIG. C, coded elements consist of protrusions 11, 12 located at each end of the road details, and recesses 13, 1Д corresponding to these outlets. Therefore, any two road details shown in FIG. 4 are connected to each other only if, during assembly of the protrusions, coded element 11.12 of one road part is located opposite the corner of the killed coded element 13, 14 of the other road part and with the introduction of these coded elements mutually engage. If this is not possible, for example, because the protruding element 11, 12 of one road part is located opposite the same protruding element P, 12 another road part, the consumer must select another part from the group of curved or straight road parts and attach it . Thus, assembling a toy road does not require any training, knowledge or experience.
    In addition, there is a very simple rule to ensure the correct connection of the two road parts.
    20
    25
    road, which depends only on how the corresponding end is located - parallel or diagonal with respect to the raster 1 of the road. At those ends that are located parallel to the raster 1 of the road, the protruded coded element 1 1 is on one side of the end surface of the road part, and the recessed coded element 13 is on the other side of it. With a diagonal arrangement to the raster I of the road, the coded elements 12, 14 on the end surfaces of the road parts have the opposite arrangement. . 45
    Practical embodiments of the coded elements 11-14, schematically shown in FIG. 4, are explained below with reference to FIG. 27-29. Coding details of the road for the formation of 50 lifts or ramps are described below using FIGS. 38-43.
    Here, in the examples shown in FIG. 15 and 16, the right part of the road is parallel, and in the examples in FIG. 17 and 18 - diagonally to the raster of the road.
    Combinations of straight and two curved road parts are shown in Figs. 19-24.
    FIG. Figures 19 and 20 show one double switch in each, in which the right part of the road is parallel or diagonal to the raster of the road. Each branch consists of one curved to the right and one curved to the left part of the road.
    FIG. Figures 21-24 show the assembled turnouts, which, along with a drive along the straight road part in both directions of movement, allow turning to the right (Fig. 21, 24) or to the left (Fig. 22, 23). FIG. 21 and 22 right side of the road are parallel; in fig. 23 and 24 - diagonally to the raster of the road.
    Figures 5-26 show examples of a toy road: on the one hand, individual details of the road, and on the other, road details assembled into crosses and turnouts.
    5 0 5
    0
    five
    Here, in the examples shown in FIG. 15 and 16, the right part of the road is parallel, and in the examples in FIG. 17 and 18 - diagonally to the raster of the road.
    Combinations of straight and two curved road parts are shown in Figs. 19-24.
    FIG. Figures 19 and 20 show one double switch in each, in which the right part of the road is parallel or diagonal to the raster of the road. Each branch consists of one curved to the right and one curved to the left part of the road.
    FIG. Figures 21-24 show the assembled turnouts, which, along with a drive along the straight road part in both directions of movement, allow turning to the right (Fig. 21, 24) or to the left (Fig. 22, 23). FIG. 21 and 22 right side of the road are parallel; in fig. 23 and 24 - diagonally to the raster of the road.
    Finally, in FIG. 25 and 26 are two 45-crosspoint switches with right and left branches, respectively. ,
    In the examples of the road shown in FIG. 11-26, the curved road parts are made in accordance with (case with case I, shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively, or with the opposite direction of curvature. In addition, in all examples of the road, shown in |}) ig; 5 -26, both ends of the straight and curved road parts are provided with coded means (not shown), arranged as in FIG. 4.
    Practical examples of the implementation of the coded means provided at the ends of the road parts are explained below with help; FIG. 27-29, where the end sections of the two road parts 15 and 16 are shown, which with their end surfaces must be inserted one into the other. As can be seen from FIG. 27 and 28, the front surface of both road parts 15 and 16 is provided with protrusions 1 7 and 18 and angles 19 and 20. Projections 17, 18 and recesses; 19, 20 are made so that when both parts 15 and 16 of the road are displaced, the protrusion 17, 18 engages with the opposite recess 20, 19. The embodiment shown in FIG. 28 differs from the embodiment shown in Fig. 27 in that the protrusions and depressions are located on the side edges of the end surfaces, while in Fig. 27 they are provided inside the end surfaces relative to the side edges.
    The protrusions and depressions shown in Figures 27 and 28 do not have a holding action, i.e. Road parts 15 and 16 cannot be mechanically rigid, but they can be detachably connected to each other with noMonifiio of these protrusions and corners. Mechanical fastening of road parts is provided by fitting them onto the main plate, equipped with connecting means, for example connecting pins, and / or releasably connecting them to each other with noMoiDji connecting elements having a small surface, for example, using plates equipped with connecting pins, etc.
    in the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 29, the projections 21, 22 and respectively. The corresponding recesses 23, 24 are made in the form of a dovetail, so
    P
    5 0 5 0
    about 5
    five
    That both the parts 15, 16 of the top can be joined by inserting the projections 21, 22 from above or below into the corresponding recess 23, 24 and thereby are held in the longitudinal direction.
    In parts of the road that do not support the joint, protrusions and depressions are provided in different places along the end surfaces of the road components. For example, if the protrusions 17, 21 located on one edge (see views from above of parts 15 of the road shown in Figs. 27-29) are transferred to another edge, then a second coding element is obtained that is not compatible with the first coding element 16 of the road shown in FIGS. 27-29. Such details of the road cannot be inserted one into the other. The coded means of the first and second types are schematically presented in FIG. 4. The third type of coded element, the use of which is described below, is characterized by the fact that the end surface of one road part is provided with two protrusions, and the end surface of the other road part has two corresponding grooves. Road parts provided with such coded elements can only be connected to road parts of the same type.
    Obviously, other versions of the coded elements on the face of the road are possible, for example, purely optical signs, magnetic means, etc. However, the coded elements described with the help of Figs. 27-29, or the like, have the advantage that, firstly, they will forcibly prevent any mismatch, its connection of road parts, and on the other hand, without requiring any additional elements, be performed directly on the ends of the road parts.
    The coded elements on the ends of the straight and curved road parts, as well as road parts to form a lift or ramp, are described below in other examples with reference to FIGS. 30-43.
    FIG. 30-32 are a straight road part 25 (side view with a partial cut, top view and bottom view, respectively), intended
    for installation - parallel-raster main surface. For the sake of simplicity, here and in the following figures, this part is represented as a flat rod. The detail 25 has on the upper side a smooth roadway 26 for the wheels of the vehicle, as well as an average edge 27 as a guide element dp of the vehicle. The underside of the part 25 is hollow and provided with stiffening ribs 28. At its both ends, the road part 25 has mating connecting means on its lower side, which consist of transverse walls 30 and hollow trunnions 3. Cylindrical connecting pins located on the main plate in a raster with
    Figs 35 and 36 show a road part 37 bent to the right (top and bottom view), which has a similar construction and, according to the invention, consists of section 8 bent along an arc of a circumference and straight section 9 (cf. Case I or FIG. 3) The protrusions and depressions provided as coded elements on the end surfaces of the road part 37 are intended for the following purposes:
    on the end surface 38 provided for positioning the main surface parallel to the raster, the position of the protrusion 32 and the recess 33 are in agreement with the respective polos
     ..oh About li zheni mi coded elements on
    constructive module t, with oversized 20 face surfaces of direct paralleling of the road part on the main facing part 25 of the road (FIGS. 30-32). This frame is in intermediate planes between the transverse walls 30 and the hollow pins 31. In the middle there is a mating coupling means 29, which performs its same function. Each of the end surfaces of the road part 25 is provided with a dovetail-shaped protrusion 32, the tail and jj are consistent with a corresponding recess 33 corresponding to it (as the 30 positions encoded in Fig. 29). In both end surfaces on the end surfaces
    straight diagonal road part 36 (Fig. 33.34), i.e. the protrusion 34 is located (view of the end surface 39) 35 to the left, and the recess 35 is located to the right of the middle.
    Thus, the curved part 37 of the road at one end, having a straight section 9, can be 40 connected only to a parallel straight part 25 of the road, and at the other
    25
    those. the protrusion 32 is located (visible end surface 38) to the right, and the recess 33 - to the left of the middle,
    on the other end surface 39 provided for positioning diagonally to the raster of the main surface, the positions of the protrusion 34 and the recess 35 are consistent with the correspondence of the protrusion 32 provided to the right of the middle, and the recess 33 to the left of it. Part 25 of the road is preferable to make a solid of synthetic material.
    FIG. 33 and 34 show a straight road part 36 (view from above and below), which is intended to be mounted diagonally to the raster of the main surface. Road part 36 is made similar to the straight road part 25 shown in Figs. 30-32. However, its length, in contrast to the length of the part 25 of the road, in accordance with the given diagonal position, has the “I ™ ° - -“ isogt
    ш, Г ™; ц, Г „: р ™ е ™ Г: Г - -.
     ,
    poke that p on pagt., (, Fig.37), since the corresponding
     npLvcMo r site 9 dolzhele - :: «-. -; d “° tagan way, the diagonal detail of the recess“ e give another way arG: l ™ and: “. - .. .V
    Nin quarter circle. However, if the end is not, only with the diagonal straight part 36 of the road.
    45 This also applies to the left-curved road part 40 shown in FIG. 37. A case of direct connection of two curved road parts is added. If bent
    face surfaces of the straight parallel part 25 of the road (Figs. 30-32). jj are consistent with the corresponding positions of the coded elements on the end surfaces.
    those. the protrusion 32 is located (visible end surface 38) to the right, and the recess 33 - to the left of the middle,
    on the other end surface 39 provided for positioning diagonally to the raster of the main surface, the positions of the protrusion 34 and the recess 35 are consistent with the correspondingly, the curved part 37 of the road at its one end, having a straight section 9, can be connected only with a parallel straight detail 25 road, and on the other
    - - "" isogt
      -.
    its end is only with a diagonal straight detail 36 of the road.
    This also applies to the left-curved part 40 of the road shown in FIG. 37. A case of direct connection of two curved road parts is added. If bent
    If an S-shaped curve is formed, then two parts 37 or 40 of the road must be connected to each other (Fig.35, 37), and this connection is the only one allowed by the described coding.
    If the road should have straight ramps with rises or slopes, then special road details are required, namely: road detail for moving from horizontal to ramp slope road detail for converting from horizontal slope to a higher level and, if desired, one or several straight road parts to lengthen the ramp.
    Details of such a road are shown in FIG. 438-43, and in FIG. 44 shows a ramp assembled with the help of the aforementioned road details.
    Shown in FIG. 38 and 39, the road detail is intended to form a transition from a horizontally installed road part to an upward stretch of road ramp. Therefore, road detail 41 has at its one end 42 a horizontal carriageway, which runs to its other end 43 along an upwardly curved line. However, in the longitudinal direction, the road part 41 is straight (cf. top from FIG. 39).
    Like the road details described, the part 41 has a hollow lower side, which at the ends 42 and 43, as well as in the middle, is provided with transverse walls 30 and hollow trunnions 31 so that the road part at the end 42 can be put on the main plate, equipped with the corresponding joints pins, and at the end of 43 and in the middle - on the columns, which are also equipped with the corresponding connecting pins. The length of the road part 41 according to the invention corresponds to the road raster modules M, i.e. the projection of the length of the road part 41 (Fig. 39) to the horizontal is equal to the multiple number of modules M of the road.
    The ends 42 and 43 of the road part 41 are provided with coded means of the type described with a slit of FIGS. 30-37. Accordingly, one end 42 for the horizontal and parallel raster road of the connection to another straight or curved road part has
    ten
    15
    20
    25
    thirty
    35
    40
    45
    50
    55
    the same and similarly arranged coded means (protrusion 32 and recess 13e 33), as well as road part 25, shown in FIG. 31, or curved road parts 37 and 40, shown in FIG. 35, 37. To the other end 43 of the road part 41, a special part must be attached which either directly and smoothly continues the ramp or forms a transition to the horizontal at a higher level. Therefore, for the forced coupling of such road parts, the end of the 43
    provided on the face surface with a third coded element, which
     consists of two recesses 44, so that this end can not be attached to any of the above details of the road.
    Figures 40 and 41 show detail.
    45 Road, similar to part 41, which is intended to translate the ramp incline at end 43 of part 41 of the road to horizontal and which has the same, but opposite curvature. The ends 46 and 47 of the road part 45 have the corresponding coding: end
    46 on its end surface is provided with two protrusions 48 for fastening either with both recesses 44 parts
    41 of the road, and the other horizontal end 47 has a protrusion 32 and a recess 33 for connecting the road part 25, 37 or 40 shown in FIG. 31, 35, 37 respectively.
    FIG. 42 and 43 depicts another single ramp part 49 of the road, which is provided for extending the ramp with a constant inclination. This straight road part is provided at one end with two protrusions 48, and at the other end with two recesses 44, which makes it possible to connect it to part 4 ((Fig.38.39) or road part 45 (Fig.40,41 ), or to the same ramp detail 49 of the road.
    Finally, in FIG. Figure 44 shows the completed ramp, which is assembled from parts 41 (Fig. 38, 39), 49 (Fig. 42, 43): and 45 (Fig. 40, 41) of the road. The horizontal end 42 of the part 41, as well as the columns 50 for drawing the parts 41, 49, 45, is mounted on the main plate 51. At a higher horizontal level 52, the road can be continued as with the details 25, 37 and 40 of the road of the type described above ( Figures 30-32 and 35-37) in any manner and with the use of the accompanying 1x columns, as well as with the aid of an additional downward ramp according to Fig. A4 by attaching the road part 45 (Fig. 40, 41) or with the aid of Additional sunrise, her ramp by attaching part 41 of the road (Figures 38, 39). Curved ramp details are also possible, preferably having an angular range equal to 90 °.
    The road details were described above, having the shape of a flat rod, which can also be straight and level, or curved and level, or straight and bent up or down and the road has a smooth surface. However, the invention is not limited to this type of road, presented simply by drawing considerations. Moreover, according to the present invention, all types of toy roads can be performed without problems, in particular, even those which are designed as a rail track with rails and sleepers and equipped with the described coded elements.
    Formula of invention
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [1]
    1. A road for toy vehicles, containing straight and curved road parts, having connecting means at their both ends on the underside, and connecting means at the ends, and a standardized unified square structural raster
    surfaces with a given module, located on the main plate and having connecting means for a mechanical detachable connection with appropriate mating connecting means of road parts, with the end points of the middle lines of the parts forming Fixed reference points coinciding with the points of the unified square constructive raster of the main surface is different from the fact that, in order to achieve a more accurate match, the fixed reference points of road parts with points are unified The first square structural raster of the main surface, each road detail corresponds to the oriented, as well as the unified square structural raster of the main surface, the square spacing, the modulus of which is an integral multiple module of the standard quadratic basic raster of the main surface, its installation on a square raster, the roads are located at one of its symmetrical points located either at the corner point or at the midpoint of the square raster of the road, or at the point of, w, her side of the frame of the square raster of the road in half, and the associated connecting means are arranged to mate with the connecting means of the main plate made in the form of connecting pins, each curved part of the road is integral and consists of the arcuate section and the straight section, the length of which is less than the length of the arcuate section, and the length of at least a few straight road children is an integer multiple of half the modulus of the square raster to horns, while the center of curvature of the arcuate section of the road part is located at the intersection of the bisector of the angle formed by the tangents to the center line of the arcuate section of the road part at fixed reference points, with one of the radial rays limiting the road part.
    [2]
    2. The road under item 1 is different in that the angular range of each curved road part is 45 °.
    [3]
    3.Road according to claim 1, in connection with the fact that it additionally contains straight parts. Roads for installation on the square raster of the road along the diagonal of its squares, the length of which is equal to a whole multiple of half the modulus of the square raster multiplied by
    [4]
    4. The road according to claim 1, in connection with the fact that the connecting means of the straight and curved parts of the road are made coded, while the connecting means located at the ends of the parts of the road that are installed along the diagonal of the square, the square raster of the road, have different coding with connecting means located at the ends of the road parts, set paraplepno to the square of the square raster of the road, as well as connecting means located at the ends of the road parts installed horizon no square raster
    roads, have different coding with connecting means, located at the ends of the road parts, set obliquely to the square raster dorop1.
    H
    / T-pnsp | -n-
    It FC. I
    SH /, 7 W Fa (.g
    ZI IS
    FIG. five
    FIG. 6
    ig. 9
    FIG. ten
    Thebes. 13
    1
     Rig.
    ig.8
    ig. eleven
    FIG. 12
    FIG. 15
    FIG. sixteen
    FIG. 17Fig. 18
    FIG. 21
    FIG. 22. 23fi8,2
    FIG. 25
    FIG. 27
    FIG. 19 (rag 20
    FIG. 26
    FIG. 28
    Fig.29
    2 T7
    n
    55
    26 Z7
    33xfi
    1604145
    J2 33
    25 FIG. 31
    34
    Z7
    3tt.
    FIG. 37
    53
    J2
    “/ //
    five
    R
    M
    FIG. J9
    iSau ::
    rnr52
    47 J2
    LZ
    FIG. one
    9
    9
    42
    SO
    FIG. 2
    Uu
    IG
    50 5Yu
    To
    T
    50
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA1272882A|1990-08-21|
    DZ1050A1|2004-09-13|
    EP0235086A1|1987-09-02|
    MA20882A1|1987-10-01|
    IL81553A|1991-04-15|
    KR950010509B1|1995-09-19|
    HUT42963A|1987-09-28|
    FI870840A|1987-08-28|
    PL264302A1|1988-04-28|
    EP0235086B1|1993-06-09|
    TNSN87027A1|1990-01-01|
    AT90220T|1993-06-15|
    IN167683B|1990-12-08|
    JPS62207487A|1987-09-11|
    IE61083B1|1994-09-21|
    FI90497B|1993-11-15|
    CS264142B2|1989-06-13|
    NO169576C|1992-07-15|
    PT84381A|1987-03-01|
    NO870797L|1987-08-28|
    MX168301B|1993-05-17|
    MY100755A|1991-02-14|
    FI90497C|1994-02-25|
    IL81553D0|1987-09-16|
    ZA871037B|1987-09-30|
    HU199310B|1990-02-28|
    CN87101624A|1987-09-09|
    CN1028073C|1995-04-05|
    KR870007714A|1987-09-21|
    BG47944A3|1990-10-15|
    FI870840A0|1987-02-26|
    DE3786092D1|1993-07-15|
    JP2608280B2|1997-05-07|
    NO169576B|1992-04-06|
    DK98887A|1988-08-27|
    AU6873687A|1987-09-03|
    PT84381B|1989-07-31|
    AU597332B2|1990-05-31|
    US4726515A|1988-02-23|
    AR241219A1|1992-02-28|
    ES2040759T3|1993-11-01|
    NZ219240A|1988-04-29|
    CS111087A2|1988-09-16|
    BR8700923A|1987-12-22|
    DK98887D0|1987-02-26|
    EG18086A|1992-08-30|
    DK168104B1|1994-02-14|
    NO870797D0|1987-02-26|
    IE870458L|1987-08-27|
    DD260225A5|1988-09-21|
    PL154326B1|1991-08-30|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH79886|1986-02-27|LV930498A| LV5583A3|1986-02-27|1993-06-08|Heavy duty vehicles|
    LTRP688A| LT2183B|1986-02-27|1993-06-23|ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD|
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